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What is a Ground Power Unit?

A complete GPU guide!

Understanding Aircraft Ground Power

A Ground Power Unit (GPU) is an essential electrical device that provides power to aircraft while they are on the ground. When an aircraft is stationary, it requires a reliable power source to operate various systems including lights, avionics, air conditioning, and other critical electrical components. That's where GPUs come in – delivering the necessary electrical power without requiring the aircraft to run its engines or auxiliary power unit.

At ITW GSE, we've been pioneering ground power solutions since the late 1940s, establishing ourselves as global leaders in providing clean, reliable, and cost-efficient ground support equipment.

How Ground Power Units Function

GPUs work in conjunction with the aircraft's electrical systems to provide essential power during ground operations. When an aircraft lands and shuts down its engines, it needs external power to:

  • Run flight instruments and navigation systems
  • Operate lighting both inside and outside the aircraft
  • Power air conditioning systems
  • Support maintenance procedures
  • Enable pre-flight checks
  • Charge onboard batteries

By using external ground power, airlines can significantly reduce fuel consumption, minimize emissions, and decrease noise pollution at airports – contributing to more sustainable airport operations while cutting costs.

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Types of Ground Power Units

GPUs come in various configurations to meet different operational needs. Understanding these options is crucial for selecting the right power solution for your specific requirements.

Mobile vs. stationary GPUs

GPUs can be categorized into two main types based on their mobility. 

400 Hz - Mobile eGPU 400 Hz - Fixed GPU 28 VDC - Mobile eGPU 28 VDC - Fixed GPU

Mobile and battery-driven GPUs

  • Transportable units that can be moved around the airport
  • Ideal for remote areas or flexible operations
  • Available in towable designs
  • Perfect for locations without fixed power installations

Fixed GPUs

  • Permanently installed at specific locations
  • Typically found at terminal gates or hangars
  • Often integrated into airport infrastructure
  • More suitable for high-traffic areas with consistent power needs

Power Type Classifications

GPUs are also classified by the type of power they provide:

Power Type Voltage Common Applications
400 Hz AC 115V Commercial aircraft
28V DC 28V Smaller aircraft and helicopters
Combination Both Versatile airport operations

Power Source Variations

Solid-State GPUs

Our solid-state GPUs convert electrical power from the grid to the appropriate frequency and voltage required by aircraft. These units are known for their reliability, efficiency, and minimal maintenance requirements. ITW GSE's 2400 Compact GPU exemplifies this technology, offering a range of power options from 30 to 180 kVA.

Battery-Powered GPUs

The future of ground power is increasingly electric. Our innovative battery-powered eGPUs, like the ITW GSE 7400 series, offer zero-emission at operation, significantly reduced noise levels, and can operate for days between charges. These units are perfect for operators looking to reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining operational efficiency.

Diesel-Powered Options

While the industry is moving towards cleaner alternatives, diesel GPUs remain an option in some locations where electrical infrastructure is very limited. However, at ITW GSE, we're committed to helping our customers transition to more sustainable solutions.

Choosing the Right GPU for Your Needs

Selecting the appropriate GPU depends on several factors:

  • Aircraft types served: Different aircraft require different power specifications
  • Location and mobility needs: Fixed gates vs. remote operations
  • Environmental conditions: Temperature, humidity, and altitude can affect performance
  • Power requirements: Voltage, frequency, and capacity needs
  • Future scalability: Accounting for growth and changing fleet requirements

At ITW GSE, we provide comprehensive consultation to help determine the perfect power solution for your specific operational needs. Our technical experts can assess your requirements and recommend the most suitable GPU configuration.

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itw gse 2400 power coil in kuwait

Advanced Features of Modern GPUs

Today's advanced GPUs incorporate sophisticated technologies that enhance their performance and user experience:

  • Intelligent Power Management (IPM): Our proprietary system optimizes power distribution across multiple units
  • User-friendly interfaces: Icon-based displays that are intuitive and easy to operate
  • Remote monitoring capabilities: Track performance metrics in real-time
  • Automatic diagnostics: Quickly identify and troubleshoot potential issues
  • Modular design: Simplifies maintenance and upgrades

Benefits of Using Ground Power Units

Implementing high-quality GPUs in your airport operations offers numerous advantages:

Environmental Benefits

  • Reduced carbon emissions by minimizing the use of aircraft APUs
  • Lower noise pollution levels
  • Decreased fuel consumption
  • Support for environmental compliance targets

Operational Advantages

  • Enhanced reliability with stable power supply
  • Extended aircraft component lifespan
  • Reduced maintenance costs for aircraft
  • Improved turnaround times
  • Flexible power solutions for various aircraft types

Economic Impact

  • Significant fuel savings
  • Lower operational costs
  • Reduced aircraft maintenance expenses
  • Longer equipment lifecycle with proper maintenance
itw gse 7400 eGPU

The Connection Between GPUs and APUs

When discussing ground power, it's important to understand the relationship between GPUs and Auxiliary Power Units (APUs):

  • APUs are small engines within the aircraft that provide power when the main engines aren't running
  • Using GPUs allows APUs to be deactivated while on the ground

This deactivation results in:

    • Reduced fuel consumption
    • Lower emissions
    • Decreased noise levels
    • Extended APU lifespan
    • Lower maintenance costs
ITW GSE 1400 GPU - Uni Air, Taitung Airport

Sustainable Ground Power Solutions

As the aviation industry continues to focus on sustainability, ground power plays a crucial role in reducing the environmental impact of airport operations. ITW GSE leads this transition with:

itw gse compact gpu 400 Hz

Maintenance and Support

Reliable operation of your GPUs is essential for smooth airport operations. Our approach to service and support includes:

  • Comprehensive training programs
  • Readily available spare parts
  • Detailed documentation and instructional videos
  • Preventive maintenance schedules
  • Global service network
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training dec 2022 7400 UK + new zealand + australia

FAQ – Ground Power Units (GPUs)

What is a Ground Power Unit (GPU)?

A GPU is an external device that provides electrical power to an aircraft while it is on the ground. It helps operate systems such as lights, avionics, and air conditioning without using the aircraft's engines or auxiliary power unit (APU).

Why are GPUs important for aircraft?

GPUs reduce fuel consumption, emissions, and noise by eliminating the need to run onboard APUs or main engines during ground operations. They also enable pre-flight procedures and routine maintenance.

What types of GPUs exist?

There are mobile and stationary GPUs. Mobile GPUs, including battery-powered units, are portable and ideal for flexible operations. Stationary GPUs are fixed installations commonly used at gates and hangars.

What power types do GPUs provide?

GPUs typically supply:

  • 400 Hz AC (115V) – for commercial aircraft

  • 28V DC – for smaller aircraft and helicopters

  • Combination units – supporting both types for versatile use

What is a solid-state GPU?

Solid-state GPUs convert grid power into the correct frequency and voltage for aircraft. They are reliable, efficient, and require minimal maintenance.

What are battery-powered GPUs?

Battery-powered eGPUs offer zero-emission operation and low noise levels. They can run for extended periods between charges and are ideal for airports seeking sustainable solutions.

Are diesel GPUs still used?

Yes, diesel GPUs are still in use where electrical infrastructure is lacking. However, ITW GSE promotes cleaner alternatives like solid-state and battery-powered units.

How do I choose the right GPU?

It depends on factors such as:

  • Aircraft types

  • Operational location (fixed or mobile)

  • Environmental conditions

  • Power requirements

  • Future scalability

ITW GSE offers tailored consultation to help you choose the best fit.

What are the benefits of using GPUs?

  • Lower emissions and fuel usage

  • Reduced noise pollution

  • Extended aircraft lifespan

  • Improved turnaround times

  • Lower maintenance and operational costs

What is the difference between a GPU and an APU?

An APU is an onboard engine used when the main engines are off. A GPU replaces the need for the APU while on the ground, offering a more efficient and eco-friendly power solution.